^^,(^'^  XTbe  Xaniversit^  ot  Cbicacio 

FOUNDED  BY  JOHN  D.  ROCKEFELLF.K 


THE 

SAMAS    RELIGIOUS    TEXTS 


CLASSIFIED  IN  THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM  CATALOGUE 
AS  HYMNS,  PRAYERS,  AND  INCANTATIONS 


WITH  TWENTY  PLATES  OF  TEXTS  HITHERTO  UNPUB- 
LISHED, AND  A  TRANSLITERATION  AND 
TRANSLATION   OF   K.  3182 


COLLATED    AND    COPIED     BY 

CLIFTON    DAGGETT    GRAY 


PART    OF    A    DISSERTATION     SUBMITTED    TO    THE     FACULTY    OF    THE     GRADUATE 

DIVINITY    SCHOOL,  IN    CANDIDACY    FOR    THE    DEGREE 

OF    DOCTOR    OF    PHILOSOPHY 

(department   of    old    TESTAMENT    LITERATURE    AND    INTERPRETATION) 


CHICAGO 

trbc  TIlnlvctsitB  of  Cblcago  press 
1901 


XTbe  xaniversiti?  ot  Cbfcago 

FOUNDED  BV  JOHN  D.  ROCKEFELLER 


THE 

SAMAS    RELIGIOUS    TEXTS 


CLASSIFIED  IN  THE  BRITISH   MUSEUM  CATALOGUE 
AS  HYMNS,  PRAYERS,  AND  INCANTATIONS 


WITH  TWENTY  PLATES  OF  TEXTS  HITHERTO  UNPUB- 
LISHED, AND  A  TRANSLITERATION  AND 
TRANSLATION   OF   K.  3182 


COLLATED    AND    COPIED     BY 

CLIFTON    DAGGETT    GRAY 


PART    OF    A    DISSERTATION    SUBMITTED    TO     THE     FACULTY    OF    THE     GRADUATE 

DIVINITY    SCHOOL,   IN    CANDIDACY    FOR    THE    DEGREE 

OF    DOCTOR    OF    PHILOSOPHY 

(department   of   old   TESTAMENT    LITERATURE   AND    ir:TF.PPPETATION) 


CHICAGO 

Zbc  "Qlnlvctsits  of  Cbicago  press 

igoi 


P^77f;f 


DEDICATED 

AS  A  TOKEN  OF  RESPECT  AND  INDEBTEDNESS 

TO  MY  TEACHER 

ROBERT  FRANCIS  HARPER 


218495 


INTRODUCTION. 


Until  within  a  comparatively  short  time  the  publication  of 
Assyrian  Religious  Texts  has  been  of  a  desultory  character,  few 
attempts  having  been  made  systematically  to  bring  out  complete 
series  of  texts.  Among  continental  scholars  three  marked  excep- 
tions may  be  mentioned.  To  Tallqvist  for  his  publication  of 
Die  assyrische  Beschivdrungsserie  Maqlu,  and  to  Zimmern  for 
his  publication  of  Beitrdge  ziir  Kenntyiis  der  habylonischen  Reli- 
gion, as  well  as  to  Knudtzon  for  his  Assyrische  Gehete  an  den 
Sonnengott,  students  of  Assyrian  and  Babylonian  religion  are 
deeply  indebted.  Among  English  Assyriologists  a  similar  debt 
is  due  to  King  for  his  careful  editing  of  The  Prayers  of  the 
Lifting  of  the  Hand,  and  to  Thompson  for  The  Ee^wrts  of  the 
Magicians  and  Astrologers  of  Nineveh  and  Babylon.  Such  work 
as  these  men  have  done  has  been  greatly  facilitated  by  the  appear- 
ance, two  years  ago,  of  the  fifth  volume  of  the  Catalogue,  but  there 
remains  a  vast  amount  of  material  yet  to  be  brought  to  light. 
In  his  preface  to  Babylonian  Religion  and  Mythology,  King  well 
says :  ''Although  so  much  has  been  done  in  recent  years  to 
explain  their  religious  literature,  no  finality  in  the  matter  must 
be  expected  for  some  time  to  come,  certainly  not  as  long  as  any 
important  religious  text  remains  unpublished."  For  this  reason, 
then,  these  religious  texts  relating  to  the  worship  of  Samas  have 
been  published,  in  the  hope  that  they  may  form  a  small  contri- 
bution to  the  history  of  Babylonian  religion,  the  writing  of  which, 
as  Zimmern  has  remarked  in  the  Vorwo7't  of  his  Beitrdge  ziir 
Kenntnis  der  bahylonischen  Religion,  is  "today  as  yet  a  thing 
impossible." 

The  texts  which  are  given  in  the  following  pages  comprise 
all  of  the  hitherto  unpublished  Samas  Religious  Texts,  which  are 
classified  in  the  fifth  volume  of  the  Catalogue  of  tJie  Cuneiform 
Tablets  in  the  Kouyunjik  Collection  of  the  British  Museum  as 
"Incantations  and  prayers  and  hymns  to  the  Sun-god"  (p.  2053), 

5 


b  THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS    TEXTS  ' 

as  "Hymns  to  Samas"  (p.  2044),  and  as  "Prayers  to  Samas'' 
(p.  2153).  For  two  reasons  it  was  not  thought  best  to  include 
those  texts  which  have  already  been  published.  In  the  first  place, 
with  two  or  three  exceptions  they  are  all  given  in  the  second  edi- 
tion of  Vol.  IV  of  the  Cuneiform  Inscriptions  of  Western  Asia, 
which  means  that  very  few  corrections  to  these  plates  could  be 
found.  Secondly,  the  present  piece  of  work  is  only  preliminary 
to  a  more  extended  discussion  of  the  Samas  Religious  Litera- 
ture, which  will  include  a  transliteration  and  translation  of  all  the 
Samas  texts,  together  with  exegetical  notes  and  glossary,  and  an 
introduction.  In  the  case  of  one  text  already  published,  K.  3182, 
so  many  fragments  have  been  added  to  it  as  to  make  it  almost  a 
new  text.  For  this  reason,  and  also  the  fact  that  it  is  one  copy 
of  a  very  important  hymn,  it  has  been  included.  In  the  case  of 
K.  4872,  the  numerous  duplicates  of  this  valuable  incantation  text 
have  been  published,  thus  making  possible  the  restoration  of  a 
large  portion  of  the  tablet,  although  the  incantation  to  Samas 
occupies  only  the  first  column  and  half  of  the  second. 

The  greater  number  of  the  tablets  are  in  the  Assyrian  charac- 
ter, and  are  quite  easily  read  where  not  mutilated.  In  one  or 
two  tablets,  as  for  example  in  K.  3286,  some  of  the  characters 
approach  the  Babylonian.  Seven  tablets,  K.  2132,  K.  2296, 
K.  2883,  K.  4795,  K.  5982,  K.  10527,  and  Bu.  91-5-9,  132,  are 
written  in  the  Babylonian. 

As  for  the  language,  it  is  for  the  most  part  Assyrian.  The 
following  texts  are  bi-lingual :  K.  2605,  K.  4872  and  duplicates, 
K.  5982  and  duplicate,  K.  11789  duplicate  of  K.  4803,  S.  690, 
Rm.  129  duplicate  of  K.  3343,  Bu.  91-5-9,  180  duplicate  of 
K.  256.     Two  of  the  texts,  K.  3462  and  K.  4795,  are  Sumerian. 

With  regard  to  the  classification  given  in  the  Catalogue,  it 
must  frequently  be  considered  as  merely  tentative.  For  instance, 
K.  11768  is  classified  as  a  hymn,  and  K.  9830  as  an  incantation 
and  prayer,  but  they  have  both  been  joined.  In  many  cases, 
owing  to  the  smallness  of  the  fragment  or  to  the  indefiniteness  of 
the  contents,  it  was  impossible  to  give  it  a  more  definite  classifi- 
cation than  that  of  a  "religious  text."  Again,  in  the  case  of 
many  tablets,  the  classification  into  incantations,  prayers,  and 
hymns  is  a  purely  arbitrary  one,  the  dividing  line  between  such 
religious  texts  being  very  vague.  A  single  text  will  often  partake 
of  the  character  of  both  a  hymn  or  prayer  and  an  incantation,  or 


THE  SAMA§  RELIGIOUS    TEXTS  7 

even  of  all  three  of  these.      There  is  only  one  pure  hymn  among 
the  Samas  Religious  Texts. 

Three  tablets,  K.  5900,  K.  12000,  and  Rni.  GOl,  are  quite  dif- 
ferent in  the  phraseology  of  the  first  line  from  any  other  Samas 
religious  text.  They  all  begin  :  ^^^  Samas  bel  di-nim.  Com- 
paring this  with  the  first  line  of  the  prayers  to  Ramman  (Adad) 
and  Samas,  it  is  probable  that  these  tablets  should  be  classified 
under  the  latter  head.  In  the  first  line  of  Rm.  601  enough  of 
the  name  of  the  god  Ramman  (Adad)  appears  to  make  this  quite 
certain  as  far  as  this  tablet  is  concerned.  In  a  few  tablets,  K. 
3201,  K.  3214,  K.  3928,  K.  8286,  and  K.  3394,  so  much  of  ritual 
appears  that  it  would  seem  better  to  put  them  under  some  other 
classification,  such  as  "Prayers  and  Directions  for  Ceremonies." 

The  following  joins  were  made:  (1)  K.  4654  + Rm.  2,  218; 
(2)  K.  4922 +  K.  11953;  (3)  K.  9830 +  K.  11768;  (4)  S.  690 
+  S.  2070.  From  a  careful  comparison  of  the  following  dupli- 
cates of  K.  4872  it  is  probable  that  they  are  fragments  of  the 
same  tablet,  K.  4922  +  K.  11953  and  K.  5069  being  on  the 
obverse,  and  K.  5248  and  K.  8934  on  the  reverse.  For  the  same 
reasons  K.  8214  and  K.  3928  are  evidently  portions  of  the  same 
tablet.  K.  13256  is  possibly  a  fragment  of  the  same  tablet  as 
K.  8457.  K.  10527  is  a  duplicate  of  K.  5982,  a  fact  which  is  not 
noted  in  the  Catalogue . 

In  a  number  of  places  which  are  marked  in  the  text  as 
scrafched  it  was  almost  impossible  to  ascertain  the  true  reading, 
owing  to  the  careless  cleaning  of  the  tablets  by  former  readers,  a 
practice  which  was  by  no  means  confined  to  this  class  of  litera- 
ture, as  will  be  seen  by  reading  the  closing  paragraph  of  Thomp- 
son's review  of  Harper's  Assyrian  and  Babylonian  LeUers,  in 
AJSL.,  April,  1901,  p.  167. 

The  Samas  Religious  Texts  which  have  already  been  published 
are  as  follows  :  K.  256  in  IV  R.,  2d  ed.,  plate  17  ;  K.  2860  in 
IV  R.,  2d  ed.,  plate  19,  No.  2  ;  K.  3843  in  IV  R'.,  2d  ed.,  plate 
20,  No.  2 ;  K.  4803  in  IV  R.,  2d  ed.,  plate  28,  No.  1  ;  K.  4872 
in  V  R.,  plates  50  and  51 ;  38328  in  Abel  and  Winckler's  Keil- 
schrifttexte,  pp.  59,  60. 

For  convenience,  a  list  of  duplicates  in  the  following  texts  is 
added:  of  K.  256:  Bu.  91-5-9,  180;  of  K.  3182:  S.  1088, 
83-1-18,  472  ;  of  K.  3348  :  Rm.  129 ;  of  K.  4808  :  K.  11789  ; 
of  K.  4872 :  K.  3138,  K.  3462,  K.  4610,  K.  4654+Rm.  2,  213, 


8  THE  SAMA§  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS 

K.  4830,  K.  4922+K.  11953,  K.  4986,  K.  5069,  K.  5135,  K. 
5248,  K.  8934,  S.  166,  S.  728  ;  of  K.  5982 :  K.  10527 ;  of  S. 
787  :  K.  8457+K.  8926. 

I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Weissbach,  of  Leipzig,  for  his  kindness 
in  pointing  out  to  me  three  duplicates  of  K.  4872,  viz.,  K.  3138, 
K.  3462,  and  K.  4654,  and  another  Samas  text,  K.  2380,  none  of 
which  are  noted  in  the  Catalogue. 

I  am  also  under  obligations  to  Dr.  E.  Wallis  Budge,  the 
Keeper  of  the  Department  of  Egyptian  and  Assyrian  Antiquities, 
British  Museum,  and  to  Mr.  Leonard  W.  King  and  Mr.  R.  Camp- 
bell Thompson,  assistants  in  the  Department,  for  their  courtesy 
and  for  the  great  assistance  which  they  afforded  me  during  my 
stay  in  London. 

I  am  especially  indebted  to  my  instructor,  Professor  Robert 
Francis  Harper,  for  valuable  suggestions  and  help  in  my  study 
of  these  texts.  For  the  results  as  presented,  however,  I  alone  am 
responsible. 


K.  3182. 


This  hymn  to  Samas  was  published  by  R.  E.  Brtinnow  in  ZA., 
Vol.  IV,  Nos.  1  and  2,  who  had  before  him  the  following  frag- 
ments :  K.  3182 +  K.  3312,  K.  3187,  K.  3474,  K.  3650,  K.  8232, 
K.  8233,  and  K.  9699.  As  a  consequence  of  his  work  several 
joins  were  afterward  made,  and  other  fragments  were  discovered, 
viz.:  K.  5459,  K.  9356,  K.  10587,  S.  311,  S.  372,  and  S.  1033. 
As  a  result  of  studying  all  the  fragments  marked  "Hymns  in 
paragraphs,"  I  discovered  five  new  fragments  belonging  to  K. 
3182,  viz.:  K.  5121,  K.  6823,  K.  13430,  K.  13794,  and  S.  1398  ; 
and  also  another  duplicate,  83-1-18,  472.  From  a  careful  study 
of  the  formation  and  style  of  writing  of  K.  3650,  K.  9356,  and 
83-1-18,  472,  the  following  facts  seem  to  be  assured.  K.  3650 
and  K.  3474  belong  to  the  same  tablet,  the  former  being  its  upper 
portion  and  the  latter  its  lower  portion,  the  fragment  connecting 
the  two  having  not  yet  been  found.  K.  9356  is  undoubtedly  a 
part  of  the  obverse  of  K.  3182,  but  on  account  of  its  thinness  no 
join  could  be  made.  S.  1033  is  a  part  of  the  same  tablet  as 
83-1-18,  472. 

There  are,  then,  three  copies  of  this  hymn  in  the  British 
Museum  : 

A.  K.  3182  +  K.  3187  +  K.  3312+ K.  5121  +  K.  5459 

+  K.  6823  +  K.  8232  +  K.  9699  +  K.  10587 
+  K.  13430+K.  13794 +  S.  311  +  S.  1398. 
K.  9356. 

B.  K.  3474  + K.  8233  + S.  372. 
K.  3650. 

C.  S.  1033. 
83-1-18,  472. 

The  following  table  will  give  the  correspondences  between  the 
reconstructed  text  and  the  duplicates : 

9 


10  THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS    TEXTS 

A.  K.  3182,  obv.,  col.  i    =  col.  i,  1-16,  19-56 

"  ii   =  "  ii,  12-29,  45-56 

"       rev.,     "  iii  =  "  iii,  1-53 

"        "  iv  =  "  iv,  1-20,  29-34,  and  colophon 

K.  9356  =  "  ii,  33-39 

B.  K.  3474,  obv.,  col.  i    =  col.  i,  17-56 ;  col.  ii,  1,  2 


u             a 

ii   — 

ii,  26-52 

"      rev.. 

iii  = 

iii,  29-38 

a             u 

iv  = 

iv,  12-33 

K.  3650,  obv.. 

i    = 

i,  1-9 

<<             a 

ii   = 

ii,  3-14 

"      rev., 

iii  = 

iii,  47-56;  col.  iv,  1,2 

ii               u 

iv  = 

iv,  colophon  (ends  of  two  lines) 

C.     S.  1033,  obv.,  col.  i    =  col.  i,  17-34 

"    ii  =   "    ii,  32-37 
83-1-18,  472,  "        "    ii  =   "    ii,  52-56 ;  col.  iii,  1-7 
rev.,     "    iii  =   "    iii,  13-24 

This  hymn  to  Samas  is  of  peculiar  interest  to  students  of 
Babylonian  and  Assyrian  religion  for  two  reasons. 

In  the  first  place,  there  is  the  entire  absence  of  any  reference 
to  incantation.  All  the  other  so-called  hymns  and  prayers  of 
Samas  are  more  or  less  closely  connected  with  this  lower  form  of 
religious  development.  This  fact  has  been  noticed  by  Jastrow  in 
his  Religion  of  Babylonia  and  Assyria,  p.  302,  but  he  apparently 
overlooks  the  existence  of  this  hymn,  which  is  one  of  the  best 
examples  of  a  pure  hymn  to  be  found  in  all  the  literature. 

Secondly,  it  is  of  interest  because  of  its  ethical  characteristics. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  tablet  is  broken  where  the  dealing 
with  false  weights  and  measures  is  spoken  of.  Enough,  however, 
remains  to  remind  us  of  the  priestly  regulations  concerning  this 
in  the  Old  Testament.  Worthy  of  note  also  are  the  classes  of 
people  who  pray  to  Samas.  He  is  the  friend  of  the  weak,  the 
outcast,  the  wanderer,  and  those  in  humble  positions  in  life  like 
the  hunter,  the  fisherman,  and  the  cattle-herder.  The  robber 
and  the  thief,  however,  are  his  enemies.  Though  the  murderer 
and  the  destroyer  pray  to  him,  he  will  not  hearken  to  their  peti- 
tions. We  ought  to  note  finally  the  condemnation  of  some  of  the 
more  common  oriental  sins,  such  as  dishonest  dealing  by  false 
weights,  the  removal  of  boundaries  (col.  ii,  40),  and  a  corrupt 
judiciary.      In  col.  ii.  32.  there  is  a  probable  reference  to  adultery, 


THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS    TEXTS  11 

and  in  col.  iii,  1,  a  reference  either  to  unjust  taxation  ov  to  exor- 
bitant rates  of  interest,  both  characteristic  of  the  ancient  Semitic 
race.  On  the  other  hand,  certain  ones  are  well-pleasing  to  Samas. 
In  col.  ii,  43,  it  is  the  incorruptible  judge  who  has  regard  for  the 
weak.  In  col.  ii,  49,  the  commendation  is  given  apparently  to 
one  who  has  good  business  ability,  while  col.  iii,  6,  refers  prob- 
ably to  agricultural  industry,  though  this  last  is  somewhat  uncer- 
tain on  account  of  the  broken  line. 

I  take  this  opportunity  to  add  a  word  concerning  the  poetical 
structure  of  the  hymn.  Throughout  the  hymn  is  found  a  paral- 
lelism which  is  strikingly  similar  to  the  parallelism  of  Hebrew 
poetry,  and  which  corresponds  in  general  to  the  paragraphs,  except 
in  one  or  two  places  in  col.  iii.  '  Cf.,  for  example,  col.  i,  87,  38,. 
45,  46  ;  col.  ii,  41,  42.  Cases  of  chiasm  are  not  infrequent,  viz.  r 
col.  i,  21,  50  ;  col.  iii,  7,  8,  17.  A  play  upon  words  is  found  in 
col.  ii,  47,  48,  kaspa  and  ustakazzab. 

With  regard  to  the  translation  as  a  whole,  while  the  general 
trend  of  thought  is  plain,  yet  in  the  case  of  many  single  lines,, 
owing  to  lack  of  context,  the  translation  is  merely  tentative.  The 
notes  are  confined  almost  entirely  to  the  variants  and  to  place& 
where  I  have  been  obliged  to  differ  from  Brtinnow's  reading. 


12  THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS    TEXTS 


RECONSTRUCTED  TEXT. 


TRANSLITEEATION. 
COLUMN   I. 

1.  mus-na-m[ir ]sa-ma-mi 

2.  mu-sah-li-i[k    li- ]e-lis    u    sap-lis 

3.  iiSamas    mus-na-m[ir • ]sa-ma-mi 

4.  mu-sab-li-ik   li[- e-li]s    u    sap-lis 

5.  [.  •  .  .]-pu    ki-ma    sti-us-kal-[li sa]-ru-ru-ka 

6.  ana(?)  bur-sa-a-ni    gas-ru-ti   e-[ -m]a(?)  tam-di 

7.  a-na    ta-mar-ti-ka    ih-du-[T^ ]-al-ki 

8.  i-ris-sti-ka    gi-mir  [ il]Igigi 

9.  pu-uz-ru    sat-tak-ku    su-liu-zu    [ ]-ka 

10.  ina    na-mir-ti    urra-ka    ki-bi-is-si-[ ] 

11.  mi-la m-mu-ka    is-te-ni-'-ii    [ ] 

12.  kib-rat    ir-bit-ti    ki-ma    isati   [ ] 

13.  sii-pal-ki    ba-a-bi    sa    ka-lis    [ ] 

14.  sa    kul-lat    JiJgigi   nindabeP'--su-nu  [ ] 

15.  i^Samas    ana    a-si-ka    kit-mu-sa   [ ] 

16.  [ ]  iiSamas   bi-[ ] 

17.  mus-na-mir  pi-tu-u'   ik-li-ti   mus-t[a(?)- ] 

18.  mu-sah-mit   zik-kur   ur-ri   me-ris   se-im  na-r[a(?)-  .  .  .  .] 

19.  sa-di-i    gas-ru-ti    e-ri-ma    sa-lum-mat-ka 

20.  nam-ri-ru-ka-    im-lu-ii    si-hi-ip    matate 

21.  kat-ra-ta    ana    hur-sa-a-ni    ir-si-ta^    ta-bar-ri 

22.  kip-pat    matate    ina    ki-rib    sami-e   sak-la-a-ta 

23.  niseP'-   matate    kul-lat-si-na    ta-pak-kid 

24.  sa  ii£-a    sarru    mal-ku    us-tab-nu-u    ka-lis    pak-da-ta* 

25.  su-ut    na-pis-ti    sak-na    mit-ha-ris    te^-ri-' 

26.  at-ta-ma    na-kid-si-na    sa    e-lis    u**    sap-lis 

27.  te-te-ni-ti-ik    gi-na-a    sa^-ma-mi 

28.  [a-na(?)^]    um-tuP-ta    ir-si-tu   ta-ba-'    fi-mi'°-sam 

29.  milu(?)"    tamtim    hur-sa-a-ni    ir-si-ta^-    sa^^-ma-mi 

30.  ki-i    kar(?)"-[.  .]-si    gi-na-a    ta-ba-'    ti-mi^'^-sam 

31.  sap-la-a-ti    [sa    iiE]N(?)-KI    iiAzag-gid    ii  A-nun-na-ki 

ta-pak-kid 

32.  e-la-a-ti    sa    da-ad- me    ka-li-si-na    tus-te-sir 

33.  ri-'-u    sap-la-a-ti    na-ki-du    e-la-a-ti 

34.  mus-te-sir    nu-iir    kis-sa-ti    iiSamas    at-ta-ma 

IS.  1033,  li.  3K.  3474.  S.  1033.  ta.  HA.KALC?). 

2S.  1033,  nam-ri-ir-ru-  6  K.  3474,  S.  1033,  u.  i-' K.  3182,  tim  . 

ta.  7  K.  3474,  S.  1033,  s a .  iaS.1033,  sd. 

3  K.  3182,  tim.  «  S.  1033,  a  n  a  (?) .  •*  Or  possibly  s  a ,  but  not 

*K.  3474,  S.  1033,  ta;    K.  9  Br.  wrongly  ki.  ir  as  Br. 

3182,  k  a .  ^°  K.  3474,  S.  1033,  me.  '^  K.  3474,  m  e . 


THE  SAMA&  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS  13 


RECONSTRUCTED  TEXT. 


TRANSLATION. 
COLUMN   I. 

1.  O  thou  who  makest  to  shine  [ J  the  heavens, 

2.  Who  bringest  destruction  upon  [ ]  above  and  below. 

3.  O  Samas,  thou  who  makest  to  shine  [ ]  the  heavens, 

4.  Who  bringest  destruction  upon  [ ]  above  and  below. 

5.  Casting  down  (?)  like  a  drag-net  [ ]  thy  brilliance, 

6.  To  the  mighty  mountains  [ ]  the  sea. 

7.  At  thy  appearance  rejoice  the  [ ], 

8.  The    whole  [ ]  of  the  Igigi  shout  joyfully  to 

thee. 

9.  A  perpetual  mystery  is  the  teaching  of  thy  [ ], 

10.  In  the  brightness  of  thy  light  their  walk  [ ]. 

11.  Thy  splendor  reaches  [ ], 

12.  The  four  regions  like  fire  [ ]. 

13.  Wide  open  is  the  gate  of  all  [ ], 

14.  As  for  all  the  Igigi,  their  free-will  offerings  [ ]. 

15.  O  Samas,  at  thy  rising  are  bowed  down  the  [ ], 

16.  [ J  Samas  [ ]. 

17.  Thou  who  makest  to  shine,  who  openest  the  darkness,  who  [.  .  .], 

18.  Who  makest   to  quiver  the         (?)         of  light,  the   planting  of 

corn  [ ]. 

19.  The  mighty  mountains  are  pregnant  with  thy  glory, 

20.  Thy  brilliancy  fills  and  overwhelms  the  countries. 

21.  Thou  approachest  the  mountains,  thou  gazest  upon  the  earth, 

22.  At  the  ends  of  the  earth,  in  the  midst  of  the  heavens  thou  art  sus- 

pended. 

23.  The  people  of  the  countries,  all  of  them,  thou  protectest, 

24.  What  Ea,  the  king,  the  prince,  has  created,  of  all  that  thou  art 

protector. 

25.  Thou  shepherdest  all  created  life  together, 

26.  Thou  art  leader  of  the  things  above  and  below. 

27.  Thou  marchest  across  the  heavens  regularly, 

28.  To        ( ?)        the  earth  thou  comest  day  by  day. 

29.  The  flood,  the  sea,  the  mountains,  the  earth,  the  heavens, 

30.  Like  a  [ ]  regularly  thou  traversest  day  by  day. 

31.  The  things  below,  belonging  to  Ea(?),  Azaggid,  and  the  Anunnaki, 

thou  protectest, 

32.  The  things  above,  belonging  to  the  inhabited  world,  all  of  them 

thou  directest. 

33.  Shepherd  of  what  is  below,  leader  of  what  is  above, 

34.  Director  of  the  light  of  the  world  art  thou,  O  Samas. 


14  THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS    TEXTS 

35.  te-te-ni-bir    tam-tim''^    rap-sa-ti    sa-dil-ta 

36.  [sa(?)]    iilgigi    la    i-du-u    ki-rib    lib^'-bi-sa 

37.  [ii  Samas(?)]    bir-bir-ru-ka    i'^'-na    apsi'^    u-ri-du 

38.  [ga]b-su-ut    tamtim    i-na-at-ta-lu    nu-iir-ka 

39.  [iiSamas(?)]  ki-ma  ki-e  ka-sa-ta  ki-ma  im-ba-ri  [.  .]-ku-ta 

40.  [.  .  .]-su    salula-ka    sa-hi-ip    matate 

41.  [ul]    ta-su-us    ti-me-sam-ma    la-°  i-ad-da-ru    pa-na-ka 

42.  [.  .  .]  ta-bar-ri   i-na-^   mu-si-im-ma   tu-sah-mit    [ ] 

43.  [i-]na   sid-di    sa    la    i-di    ni-su-ti    u-^   bi-ri    la    ma-nu-[ti] 

44.  iiSamas^^    dal-pa-ta    sa     ur-ra     tal-li-ka     u     mu-sa     ta- 

kit(?)-[..] 

45.  ul    i-ba-as-si    ina    gi-mir  i^Igigi    sa    sii-nu-hu    ba-li-ka 

46.  ina  ilanip'-  naphar^*  kis-sa-ti  sa  su-tu-ru  ki-ma  ka-a-ta 

47.  si-tuk-ka    ip-hu-ru    ilanii^'-    matate^*^ 

48.  na-mur-rat-ka    iz-zi-ti    ma-a-tum    sah-pat 

49.  [sa]    nap -liar    mat  ate  p'-^^    su-ut    sii-un-ua-a    li-sa-uu 

50.  [ti-]i-di    kip-di-si-na    ki-bi-is-si-na    ua-at-la-ta^' 

51.  [.  .  .  .]-nik-ka    kul-lat-si-na    te-ni-se-e-ti 

52.  [iiSamas]    a-na    ntiri-ka    su-um-mu-rat"^    mit-har-tum 

53.  [ina(?)]    ma-kal-ti    amei  baruti(ti)^''    a-na    ri-kis    i?erini 

54.  [ ]    is-me^"    sa-i-li    pa-si-ri    sutte^'- 

55.  [ ]    sa    rik-sa-a-ti    kit-mu-su"'^    ma-har-ka 

56.  [ ]-ri-ka    kit-mu-su    rag-gu    ii^^    ki-na 

COLUMN    II. 

1.  [ ]-ra-du    ina    apsi    ba-li-ka 

2.  [ -e(?)]-ni    u  za-ma-ni-e    tu-sa-pi    di-in-su-un 

3.  a-bi(?)-[ 

4.  i-ri-ih-hi    su-ma    sit-ta    [ 

5.  tu-tar-ra    zal-pa    sa    la    mu-sani-[ 

6.  tu-sil-li    AS.JIU^IBUR.    sa    di-na-ti    is-bu-tu   [ 

7.  ina   di-in   ki-na-a-ti  i'Samas   sa  tak-bu-u   [ 

8.  su-pu-u   zik-ru-ka    ul    in-nin-nu-u    pa-ua    ul   [ 

9.  te-im- mi-id    a-na    al-la-ki    sa    sup-su-kat    u-ru[-uli-su 

10.  a-na   e-bir  tamtim    a-dir   a-gi-e   ta-nam-din    [ 

11.  har-ra-na-a-ti    sa    la    am-ra    sa-'-i-da    ta-[ 

12.  [.  .]-li-i    USP'--di    ma-hi-ru    s"a    ii  [Sam(?)]-si 

13.  [ ]-mas    ki-si^*    ina    e-di-e    tu-se-zib 

14.  [ ]    ""nun-zi-e    tu-sa-as-kan    kap-pa 

16K.    3474,    ta-ma-tum  23  Br.  wrongly  tu-par-ri.  so  K.    3474,    [..J    mu    gi 

rapaS-tum  sa-di-il-ta.  First  sign  is  an,  not  tu.  mi     saile /'•      pa-Se-ru 

i7Br.  wrongly  sub.  24  K.  3474,  nap-har.  Sutte/''-  31K.3474,  sa. 

18  Br.  wrongly  a-na.  25  K.  3474,  m  a-a-ti.  32  K.  3474,  u  ki-e-nim. 

19K. 3474,  ina  ap-si-i.  2b  K.  3474,  matate.  33  Br.  wrongly  ti.  Another 

20K.3474,  ul   '-da-ru.  27  K.  3474,  na-at-la-a-ta.  reading  may  be  AN  .SU  . 

21  K.  3474,  ina.  28  K.  3474,       s  u  -  m  u  -  r  a  t  34  K.  3182,  T  A  K  .  ( =  kisu) 

22K.  31S2,    u    ana    kas-  mit-har-ti.  i-na. 
bu  [....J.                                        29K.  3474,  ba-ru-ti.  3.j  K.  3650,  nun -za-a. 


THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS    TEXTS  15 

35.  Thou  passest  over  the  wide,  broad  sea, 

36.  The  very  depth  of  which  the  Igigi  know  not. 

37.  [O  Samas,]  thy  dazzling  light  penetrates  the  deep, 

38.  Thy  light  looks  to  and  fro  upon  the  swarming  life  of  the  sea. 

39.  I O  Samas,]  like  a  garment  thou  art  covered,  like  a  storm  thou  art 

'      [ I 

40.  I ]  thy  shadow  overwhelming  countries. 

41.  Thou  art  [not]  troubled  daily,  nor  is  thy  face  darkened, 

42.  [ ]  thou  lookest  into  the  night,  thou  makest  to  glow  [  .  .  .  .  ]. 

43.  In  regions  unknown  and  distant,  and  places  (?)  without  number, 

44.  O    Samas,  thou    art    distressed   when    thy   light   fails,   and    the 

night  [ ]. 

45.  Among  all  the  Igigi  there  is  not  one  who  gives  rest  besides  thee, 

46.  Nor  among  the  gods  of  all  the  regions  one  who  excels  like  thee. 

47.  At  thy  rising  the  gods  of  the  countries  assemble, 

48.  Thy  terrible  brilliancy  overwhelms  the  land. 

49.  As  for  those  that  speak  with  the  tongue  in  all  countries, 

50.  Thou  kuowest  their  plans,  their  walk  thou  observest. 

51.  [ ]  thee,  mankind,  all  of  them, 

52.  [O  Samas],  upon  thy  light  they  think  in  harmony. 

53.  [In]   the  divining    cup^^  of  the  seer,   at   the   preparation   of  the 

cedar, 

54.  [ ]  of  the  magician,  the  interpreter  of 

dreams, 

55.  [ ]  of  the  preparations  bow  down  before 

thee, 

56.  [In  thy  pres]ence  the  evil  and  the  just  bow  down. 

COLUMN    II. 

1.  [ ]  into  the  deep  without  thee, 

2.  [ ]  and  the  wicked,  thou  bringest  to  light  their 

judgment. 

3.  [ ], 

4.  [(C/.  transliteration) ] 

5.  Thou  makest  the  evil-doer  to  quake  who  does  not ] 

6.  Thou        (?)         ,  who  wrests  (?)  judgments ] 

7.  By  the  righteous  judgment,  0  Samas,  which  thou  proclaimest  .  .  .  ] 

8.  Excellent  is  thy  renown,  unchangeable         (?)         ....]. 

9.  Thou  standest  by  the  traveler  whose  way  is  steep, 

10.  To  the  seafarer  who  fears  the  flood  thou  givest  [courage  (?)]. 

11.  Paths  that  have  not  seen  a  hunter  thou  [ ], 

12.  [ ]        (?)        rival(?)  of  Samas (?). 

13.  [ ]        (?)        from  the  flood  thou  wilt 

save, 

14.  [ ]        (?)        thou  establishest        (?) 

36  C/.  Zimmern,  BetYrage  zur  Kenntnis  der  habylonischen  Religion.    Dritte  Lieforimg. 


16  THE  SAMA§  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS 

15.  [ ]-bi     ma-ba-zi     tu-kal-lam 

16.  [ ]  i-du-ii    tu-kal-lam    sal-la 

17.  sa    i-na    bu-kur[^' 

18.  biti(?)-ka    sa    ina    bit    [ 

19.  sa    ilu-su    it-ti-su    [ 

20.  i-na    a-ma-ri    te-[ri(?)- 

21.  te-mid    a-na    amei  [ 

22.  ta-par-ra-as     ar-[ 

23.  tu-ub-bal     [ 

24.  i-na    mat    la    taiarti   [ 

25.  iiatlstarateP^-    sab-8a-[a-te 

26.  si-ra-ta    ma    ul    si(?)[- 

27.  iiSamas    i-na    su-us-kal-li-[ka 

28.  i-na^^   gis-par-ri-ka    la-[ 

29.  sa^^a-na    ma-mi-ti[ 

30.  a-na    la    a-dir    8a-[ 

31.  tar-sa-at    se-it-ka    rap-[ 

32.  sa    a-na    al-ti    tap-pi-su    is-su-[ 

33.  i-na   ti-um    la    si-ma-ti*"  u-sa-[ 

•34.  kun-na-as-su"    kip-pu    zi-ru-u    [ 

35.  is-sir-su   i?kakku-ka    ma    mu-se-zi-bu    ul    [ 

36.  ina    di-ni-sti*"    ul    i-za-az-za    abi[-su(?)] 

37.  ina    pi    da-a*^-a-ni    ul    ip-pa-lu    sii-nu    alie^'--su 

38.  ina    ^u-ha-ri    sa    eri-e"    sa-hi-ip    ul    i-di 
39  sa    ka-sir    an-zil-li    kar-na-su    tu-bal-la 

40.  e-pis    sid-di    ka-pi-du    e-ni    kak-kar-su 

41.  da-a-a-na    zal-pa    mi-si-ra    tu-kal-lam 

42.  ma-hir    da-'-ti    la    mus-te-se-ru    tu-sa-az-bal    ar-na 

43.  la    ma-hir    da-'-ti    sa-bi-tu    a-bu-ti    en-se 

44.  ta-a-bi    eli    i^Samas    balata    ut-tar 

45.  da-a-a-an*'    mus-ta-lum    sa    di-in    me-sa-ri    i-di-nu 

46.  u-gam-mar    ekalla    su-bat    rubeP'-   mu-sab-su 

47.  na-din    kas-pa*'^    a-na    sid-di    hab-bi-lu    mi-na-a    ut-tar 

48.  us-ta-kaz-za-ab*'    a-na    ni-me-li    ma    u-^al-lak    kisa 

49.  na-din     kas-pa     a-na     sid-di     riikuti^^'-    mu-tir    I    sikla 

a-na    se-[lal-ti(?)] 

50.  ta-a-bi    eli    '^Samas    balata    ut-tar 

51.  sa-bit    i?zi-b[a-ni-ti ]-lul-ti 

52.  mus-te-nu-ii    aban  mE.SU.*^    [ ]-sap-pal 

53.  us-ta-kaz-za-ab    a-na    ni-me-li-im-ma    u-[ ] 

54.  sa    ki-ni    sa-bit   i?zi-ba-ni-ti    ma-'-da   [ ] 

55.  mim-ma   sum-su   ma-'-di   [.  .  .  .*"]  ad-ki   sa-as-su   [.  .  .  .] 

56.  sa-bit    i?  BAR    e-pis    si-[ ] 

37Not  hur,  as  Br.  «  K.  3474,  DI.TAR.  -1883-1-18,  472,    .  .  .]?  an 

38K.  3474,  ina.  "  K.  3474,  e-ri-e.  ki-i-si    ga(?)    ?[ ]. 

39  K.  3474,  ga.  «  K.  3474,  na.  « 83-1-18,  472,  has  end  of 

WK.  9356,  §i-ma-ku.  •">  K.  3474,  kaspa.  sign  like   e.     Perhaps  two 

*1K.  3474,  su.  ■'^  K.  3474,  z a b .  signs  are  missing. 

«K.  3474,  su. 


THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS  17 

15.  [ ]  thou  makest  the  city  to  see, 

16.  [ ]        (?)        thou  makest  the  captive  to  see. 

17.  Who  among  the  first-born  of  [ \ 

18.  As  for  thy  house,  which  in  the  house  [ ]. 

19.  He  whose  god  is  with  him  [ ], 

20.  In  the  observation  of  [ ]. 

21.  Thou  standest  by  the  [ ], 

22.  Thou  decidest  [ ]. 

23.  Thou  bringest  [ ], 

24.  In  the  land  of  No-Keturn  [ ]. 

25.  The  angry  goddesses  [ ], 

26.  Lofty  (?)  [ ]. 

27.  O  Samas,  with  [thy]  drag-net   [ ], 

28.  With  thy  net  [ ]. 

29.  Who  against  the  oath  [ ], 

30.  To  him  who  fears  not  [ ]. 

31.  Thy  broad  snare  is  spread  over  [ ], 

32.  As  for  him  who  to  his  neighbor's  wife  [ ]. 

33.  On  an  unpropitious  day  [ ], 

34.  [(C/.  transliteration) ]. 

35.  Thy  weapon  diminishes  (?)  him,  there  is  no  deliverer, 

36.  His  father  (?)  does  not  stand  up  for  his  cause. 

37.  At  the  command  of  the  judge   they  answer  not  —  they   are   his- 

brothers ; 

38.  With  a  trap  of  bronze  an  overthrower  he  does  not  know. 

39.  As  for  him  who  gives  protection  to  wickedness,  his  horn  thou  wilt 

destroy, 

40.  Even  the  fixer  of  boundaries,  who  schemes  to  oppress  his  land. 

41.  The  wicked  judge  thou  makest  to  behold  bondage, 

42.  Him  who  receives  a  bribe,  who  does  not  guide  aright,  thou  makest 

to  bear  sin. 

43.  He  who  receives  not  a  bribe,  who  has  regard  for  the  weak, 

44.  Shall  be  well-pleasing  to  Samas,  he  shall  prolong  his  life. 

45.  The  judge,  the  arbiter,  who  gives  righteous  judgment, 

46.  Shall  complete  a  palace,  a  princely  abode,  for  his  dwelling-place. 

47.  He  who  gives  money  for  a  boundary,  the  worthless  fellow,  what  does 

he  profit  ? 

48.  He  brings  about  deception  for  gain,  and  changes  weights. 

49.  He  who  gives  money  for  distant  boundaries  and  gains  in  return  one 

shekel  for  three  (?), 

50.  He  shall  be  well-pleasing  to  Samas,  he  shall  prolong  his  life. 

51.  He  who  handles  (?)  the  scales  [ ], 

52.  He  who  alters  the  weights  [ ]. 

53.  He  brings  about  deception  for  gain  and  [ ]; 

54.  But  he  who  handles  the  scales  honestly,  much  [ ]. 

55.  Whatever  his  name,  much  [ ]  ?  [ ], 

56.  He  who  handles  the  measure  (?),  who  does  [. ]. 


18  THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS 

COLUMN    III. 

1.  [ ]    i-na    bi-ri-i^°    mu-sad-din    at-ra 

2.  [ a]r'*'-rat    nisei''-   i-kas-sad-su 

3.  [ ]-ui-su    [.  .]-sa-al    i-ras-si^^  bil-ta 

4.  [ ]    ul    i-be-el    apaP^-su 

5.  a-na    [ ]    ul    ir-ru-bu    su-nu    aheP'-su 

6.  [ ]  na-din   se-im    i-na  [.  .]-sab^^  u-sat-tar   dum-ku 

7.  [ta-a-b]i    §li    i^Samas    balata    ut-tar 

8.  u-[rap]-pa-as    kim-ta    mes-ra-a    i-ra-as-si 

9.  ki-ma    me^'-    nak-bi    da-ri-i    zir    da-[.  .  .] 

10.  a-na    e  -  p  i  s    u  -  s  a  -  a  t    d  u  m  -  k  i    la    m  u  -  d  u  -  u    [ ] 

11.  mus-tin-nu-ii    sap-la-a-ti    iua    mas-ta-ri    sa-[ ] 

12.  sii-ut    lum-nu    i-pu-su    zir-su-nu    ul    [ ] 

13.  su-ut    ul-la    pi-i-su-nu    sa-kin    ina    mah-ri-ka 

14.  [.  .  .]-sah-mat    si-it    pi-i^^-su-nu    ta-pa-as-sar    at-ta 

15.  ta-sim-me     te^*^-bir-si-na-ti     sa     rug-gu-gu     tu-mas-si" 

di-in-su 

16.  ma-na-ma    ma-am-ma^*    pu-uk-ku-du    ka-tuk-ka 

17.  tus-te-es-sir^''    te-rit-si-na    sa    suk-su-ra^"    ta-pat-tar 

18.  ta^sim-me    iiSamas    su-up-pa-a^'    su-la-a    ii    ka-ra-bi 

19.  sii-kin-na    kit-mu-su    lit-hu-su**^    u^^    la-ban    ap-pi 

20.  a-na    har-ri    pi-i-su'^*    dun-na-mu-ii    i-sa-as-si-ka 

21.  u-la-lu    en-su    Iju-ub-bu-lu    mus-ki-nu 

22.  um-mi    sal-la    mas-ta-ra*^^    gi-na-a    i-mah-liar-ka 

23.  sa    ru-kat    kim-ta-su    ni-su-u    alu'"'-u-su 

24.  [ina(?)]    su-ru-bat    seri    ri-'-ii®'    i-mah-har-ka 

25.  [ J-par'^^-ri    ina    te-se-e    na-ki-du    ina    ameinakri 

26.  [iiSamjas    i-mah-ljar-ka    a-lak-tu    i-ti-ku    pu-luh-ti 

27.  [ ]-lji    al-la-ka    amei  samallu*^"    na-as    kisi 

28.  [il  Sainas(?)]    i-mah-har-ka    ba'ir    ka-tim-ti 

29.  sa-a-a-du™    ma-hi-su    mu-tir-ru    bull 

30.  ina    bu-un    zir-ri   ameiijiu(Ju    i-mah-!^ar-ka 

31.  mut-tah-li-lu    sar-ra-ku    mu-sal-lu-u    sa    ii  Sam-si 

32.  [ina]    su-li-e    seri    mut-tag-gi-su    i-mah-har-ka 

33.  mi-i-tum^'    har-bi-du    e-kim-mu    ^al-ku 

34.  iiSamas    im-hu-ru-ka  [ ] 

35.  ul    tak-li    su-ut    im-hu-[ru ] 

36.  a-na    sar-[ ]-a-ti    iiSamas    [ ] 

37.  sa    at(?)-[ ]   iiSamas    uz-[ ] 

50  8.S-1-18,  472,  e.  58  83-1-18, 472  inserts  u  be-  65  83-1-18, 472,  ri. 

51  83-1-18,  472,  &  r  .  fore  m  a  -  a  m  -  m  a  .  66  83-1-18,  472,  a  - 1  u  -  g  u . 
5283-1-18,  472,  i-ra-a§-si             59  83-1-18,  472,  -sir  te-ri-  67 83-1-18,  472,  b. 

i)elta.  te-si-na.  68  Br.    wrongly    [tu]-uS- 

53  83-1-18,472,    a-pal-Sii.  60  83-1-18, 472,  ru.  sur-§u. 

stPossibly  pi;  83-1-18,472,  61  83-1-18,  472,  su-up-pu-u  69SAKAN.LAL. 

pa-an.  su-ul-lu-ii   ka-ra-bu.  70K.  3474,  da  (■?).  The  first 

55  83-1-18,472,  pi-§u-nu.  62 83-1-18,  472,  § fi .  sign   is   probably    sa,   and 

*6 83-1-18,  472,  t a.  63 83-1-18,  472.  om.  not  a. 

»783-l-18,  472,  tu-mas-sa  «i 83-1-18, 472,  su.  ^  K.  3474,  am6l  BAD. 

•di-en-si-[n  a]. 


THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS  19 

COLUMN    III. 

1.  [ ]  ill       (?)       who  levies  excessivel}', 

2.  [ ]  the  curse  of  men  will  reach  him. 

3.  [ ]  he  will  be  subject  (?)  to  tribute, 

4.  [ I  he  will  uot  have  control  over  his  son ; 

5.  Into  a[ ]  his  brothers  will  uot  enter, 

6.  [ ]  who  plants  grain  in  [ ]  will  bring  about  great 

good. 

7.  He  shall  be  well-pleasing  to  Samas,  he  shall  prolong  his  life, 

8.  He  shall  increase  his  family,  wealth  shall  he  possess. 

9.  Like  the  waters  of  a  perennial  spring  (his)  seed  [ ], 

10.  In  rendering  gracious  help  he  knows  not  [ ]. 

11.  He  who  searches  into  the  things  below  (?)  [ ], 

12.  As  for  those  who  do  evil,  their  seed  shall  not  [ ]. 

13.  As  for  the  boasting  of  their  mouths,  made  in  thy  presence, 

14.  Thou  shalt  cause  it  to  burn,  that  which  issues  from  their  mouths 

thou  wilt  interpret. 

15.  Thou  hearest  their  transgressions,  as  for  him  who  has  done  evil  thou 

forgettest  his  judgment, 

16.  Everyone,  whosoever  it  may  be,  is  subject  to  thy  hand. 

17.  Thou  guidest  their  omens,  those  that  are  bound  thou  loosest, 

18.  Thou  hearest,  O  Samas,  supplication,  petition,  and  prayer, 

19.  Homage,  kneeling,  whispering,  and  prostration  ; 

20.  From  the  depth  of  his  mouth  the  weak  one  cries  out  to  thee. 

21.  The  frail,  the  feeble,  the  wronged,  the  humble, 

22.  The  woman  in  bondage        (?)        without  ceasing  prays  to  thee. 

23.  He  whose  kin  are  distant,  whose  city  is  far  away, 

24.  [In]  the  shower  of  the  field  the  shepherd  prays  to  thee. 

25.  [.  .  .J        (?)        in  disaster,  the  shepherd  among  enemies, 

26.  O  Samas,  he  who  goes  his  way  in  fear,  prays  to  thee, 

27.  [ ]  the  traveler,  the  tradesman,  he  who  carries  the 

weights, 

28.  [O  Samas  (?)],  the  hunter  with  the  net  prays  to  thee. 

29.  The  hunter  (?),  the  cattle-man,  the  tender  of  herds, 

30.  In  the        (?)        the  wise  man  prays  to  thee. 

31.  The  robber,  the  thief,  is  an  enemy  of  Samas ; 

32.  He  who  is  overpowered  [in]  the  road  by  the  field  prays  to  thee. 

33.  The  dead  man,  the        (?)        ,  the  robber,  the  destroyer, 

34.  0  Samas,  they  have  prayed  to  thee  [ ]. 

35.  Thou  dost  not  refuse  those  who  have  prayed  to  [thee ], 

36.  To  [ ]  O  Samas,  [ ]. 

37.  [ ]0  Samas,  [ ], 


20  THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS 

38.  [ ]ka    is    [ ]    kit(?)    [ ] 

39.  [ ]te-rit'--si-na    ina    ni( ?)-[..]-!    as-ba-[...] 

40.  a-na    sare    irba'^    ar-kat-si-na    ta-par-ra-as 
■41.  kal    si-hi-ip    da-ad-me    uz-ni-si-na    tus-pat-ti 

42.  ma-la    kap-pa    ni-ti-il    ini    [.  .  .]    ul    im-su-ii    sa-ma-mu 

43.  ma-la     ma-kal-ti     ba-ru-u-ti     ul    im-sa-a     gi-mir-si-na 

matateP'- 

44.  i-na    um    nis-se    ri-sa-ta    il-la-ta    u    hi-da-a-ti 

45.  tak-kal    ta-sat-ti    el-la    ku-ru-un-si-na    si-kar     si-bi-'-i 

ka-a-ri 

46.  i-nak-ka-nik-ka    si-kar    sa-bi-'    ta-ma^-har 

47.  sa-la-mu     (lim)-na-a-ti'*     [.  .  .]-nu     a-gu-u'^     tu-se-zib 

at-ta 

48.  el-lu-u-tum'**    ib-bu-u-ti    sir-ki-si-na    tara-taliL-har 

49.  ta-sat-ti    mi-zi-'-si-na    kurun"-na 

50.  su-um-mi-rat    ik-pu-du    tu-sak-sad    at-ta 

51.  sii-ut  ik-kan'^-sa    el-lit-si-na    ta-pat-tar 

52.  sii-ut    ik-tar-ra-ba    ik- ri-bi-si-na    tam-tab'^-bar 

53.  si-na    ma    pal-ha-ka    us-tam-ma-ra    zik-ri^^-ka 

54.  tar-ba-ti-ka    i-dal-lal    a-na    da-r[i-is(?)] 

55.  sak-la-a-ti    sa    li-sa-na    da-bi-bu    sa-[ ] 

56.  sa    kima    irpati?^'-  la    i-sa-a    pa-na    u    [ ], 

COLUMN    IV. 

1.  sii-ut    i-ba-'    irsi-tim^^    ra-pa-as-ti 

2.  sti-ut    u-kab-bi-su    sadeP'-*^    e-lu-ii-ti 

3.  ii  Lu^-mu    su-[.  .  .]-ba    sa    ma-lu-ii    pu-luh-ta 

4.  e-ri-ib    tamtim    sa    apsi    i-ba-'-ii 

5.  mi-^ir-ti    nari    sa    ir-te-du-u    i^Samas    ina    mah-ri-ka 

6.  a-a-u-tu    hur-sa-a-nu    sa    la    lit-bu-su   sa-ru-ru-ka 

7.  a-a-ta  kib-ra-a-tum  sa  la  is-tah-ha-nu  na-mir-ta  urri-ka 

8.  mus-par-du-u    e-tu-tum    mus-na-mir    uk-li 

9.  pi-tu-u    ik-li-ti    mus-na-mir    irsi-tim    rapas-tim 

10.  mu-sah-lu-u    u-mu    mu-se-rid     an-kul-lu    ana    irsi-tim 

kab-lu    u-me 

11.  mu-sah-mit    ki-ma    nab-li    irsi-tim    ra-pa-as-tum 

12.  [mu]-kar-ru -u    u-me    mu-ur-ri-ku    museP'-**^ 

13.  [ ]    ku-su    hal-pa-a    sii-ri-pa^*    sal-gi 

14.  [ J-gal    '§  sikkur**^    sami-e     mus-paP*-ku-u^'' 

d  a  - 1  a  t  *^    da-ad-me 

72  Not  to  be  read  1  a  k,  as  Br.  '^  k.  3650,  k  u  -  r  u  -  u  n  -  n  u .  83  K.  3474,  m  u  -  [s  e]. 

73  Br.  wrongly    I  M  .  D  U  .  78  K.  3650,  k  a  m  .  8*  K.  3474,  p  u  . 
BA.,  mazaltu.                                 79K.3650,  ta.  85  K.  3474.  sik-kur . 

7iK.  3650,  lim-na-ti.  8o  K.  3650,  zi-kir-ka.                   86  Br.  wrongly  t i . 

75  K.  3650,  u.  81  K.  3650,  ir-si-ti  rapaS-             87  K.  3474,  u. 

76 K.  3650,    ellflti/''-    ib-  [ti].                    '                                 88 Br.  wrongly  reads  as  a 

bu-ti  si-ir-ki-su-nu   tarn-  ^^K.  .3650,    sadi/''-e    el-  dividing  siga. 

ta-[har].  Iu-[ti]. 


THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS    TEXTS  21 

38.  Thy  [ ]. 

39.  [ ]  their  omens  in  [ ]  they  sat(?)  [ ], 

40.  To  the  four  winds  thou  wilt  scatter  their  hinder  parts. 

41.  As  for  all  who  overthrow  human  habitations,  thou  wilt  open  their 

ears, 

42.  [(C/.  transliteration)]  they  shall  not  reach  the  heavens. 

43.  Though  the  communications  of  the  seers  be  many,  they  shall  not 

reach  any  of  the  countries. 

44.  In  a  day  of  making  (?)  merriment,  joy  and  rejoicings, 

45.  Thou   wilt   eat,   and   drink   their  sparkling   wine  —  a  draught   of 

sesame  ( ?)  wine  from  the  cask 

46.  They  will  pour  out  for  thee,  a  draught  of  sesame  wine  thou  wilt 

accept ; 

47.  [(C/.  transliteration)]  thou  savest, 

48.  Their  sparkling  and  bright  drink-offerings  thou  wilt  accept ; 

49.  Thou  wilt  drink  their  light  wine  and  their  wine, 

50.  The  plans  which  they  have  in  mind  thou  wilt  prosper. 

51.  As  for  those  who  are  bowed  down  thou  wilt  loose  their  bands ; 

52.  As  for  those  who  do  homage  thou  wilt  receive  their  prayer. 

53.  Thy  renown  shall  preserve  those  who  fear  thee, 

54.  He  shall  worship  thy  greatness  forever  (?). 

55.  The  destructive  things  which  he  plans  with  the  tongue  [ ], 

56.  Which  like  clouds  have  no  face  nor  [ ]. 

COLUMN    IV. 

1.  As  for  him  who  comes  to  the  broad  earth, 

2.  Who  treads  the  lofty  mountains, 

3.  The  god  Luhmu  [ ],  he  who  is  full  of  terror, 

4.  Who  enters  the  sea,  who  penetrates  the  depths, 

5.  Who  travels  along  the  river,  O  Samas,  in  thy  presence. 

6.  W^hat  mountains  have  not  been  clothed  with  thy  radiance  ? 

7.  What  regions  have  not  sparkled  with  the  brilliancy  of  thy  light  ? 

8.  Thou  who  makest  the  darkness  to  shine,  who  makest  bright  the 

deep  darkness, 

9.  Who  uncoverest  the  gloom,  who  makest  the  broad  earth  bright, 

10.  Who  makest  the  day  light,  who  bringest  down  the        (?)        to  the 

earth  in  the  midst  of  day, 

11.  Who  makest  the  broad  earth  quiver  like  a  sea  of  flame, 

12.  Who  shortenest  the  days,  who  lengthenest  the  nights, 

13.  [ ]  cold,  frost,  sleet,  snow, 

14.  [ ]  the  bolt  of  the  heavens,  who  openest  wide  the 

doors  of  the  inhabited  earth. 


22  THE   SAM  AS   RELIGIOUS    TEXTS 


]  i?  uppu^"   if  sikkatu  i?namzaku  i?astartu 

]  la    ba-ne^"    pa-ni    sa-ri-ku^'    ba-la^'^-ti 

]  sal-la    ina    te-se-e    kabaP^    mu-u-ti 

]    te-me    mit-lu-ku    si-tuP^-ti''^    mil-[ku] 
]-pa-ri    se-ri-e-ti  ana^^    niseP'-    rap[satiP'-] 

,  .  .  .]    ku-us-si-i    i?burasi-e^'    [ ] 

]-na    e-mu-k[a(?) ] 

]    li    sar     [ ] 

]    ua(?)    [ ] 

] 


15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 

33.  lik-bi-ka 

34.  [ sa]mi-e    u    irsi-tim 

S9K.  3474,    ujp-pi    sik-  Oii  K.  3474,  1  a .  98K.3474,  [i-nja  ni-ki-e 

ka-ta     nam-za-ki     as-  93  K.  3474,  ka-bal.  hi-sibma-ta-a-ti. 

tar-ta.  9*  Br.  wrongly  1  i  .  99  k.  3474,  li-te-di-iS  . 

90  Br.  wrongly  s  u  -  p  i  1 .  9^  K.  3474,  t  a  . 

91  This  is  not  g  i  b ,  as  Br.,  96  K.  3474,  a  -  n  a  . 

but  ku.  97K.3182,  ]pal(?)  e  §ar(?)[ 


,  .]    nam-ru    su-bat    ta-si-la-ti-ka 
,]-pi    nap-tan    kib-ra-a-ti 

]-ku    e-nu    u    ru-bu-u 

,]    bi-lat-su-nu    lis-su-ka 
,]-ra    ina"*"    nike    ^i-sib    matate 
,  parak]ki(?)-ka    lit^^-te-di-is 
,  s]a    la    in-nin-nu-u    ki-bit    pi-su 
]-tum    ina    bit    maiali 


THE   SAM  AS   RELIGIOUS    TEXTS  23'- 

.  the  key,  the  lock,  the  bar,  the  fastening, 

.  .  dark  of  countenance,  the  giver  of  life. 

in  dissolution,  in  the  midst  of  death, 

]  who  pays  heed  to  counsel,  who  considers  advice. 
]  morning,  to  the  numerous  peoples, 

.  .  .]  seats  of  cypress  (?)  [ 


15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 

33.  May  he  speak  to  thee. 

34.  [ heaven  and  earth. 


.  .  .  .]  brilliant,  the  house  of  thy  pleasures, 

]  feast  of  the  regions, 

]  lord  and  prince, 

]  their  tribute  may  he  bring  to  thee. 

]  in  sacrifices,  the  wealth  of  the  lands, 

.  .  .  ]  thy  shrine  ( ?)  may  he  renew. 
]  the  command  of  whose  mouth  cannot  become  void, 
]  in  the  bed-chamber 


[The  colophon  follows,] 


K.  273 
K.  2132 
K.  2296 
K.  2380 
K.  2563 
K.  2565 
K.  2605 
K.  2883 
K.  3138 
K.  3182 
K.  3204 
K.  3214 
K.  3286 
K.  3387 
K.  3394 
K.  3462 
K.  3928 
K.  4610 
K.  4654 
K.  4795 
K.  4830 
K.  4922 
K.  4986 
K.  5069 
K.  5135 


INE 

)EX. 

Plates 

Plates 

XII 

K. 5248 

- 

-      XX 

XII 

K.  5900    - 

- 

VIII 

XIX 

K.  5982 

- 

-    VIII 

III 

K.  6034    - 

- 

IX 

V 

K.  8457 

- 

-      XX 

IX 

K.  8934    - 

XX 

IX 

K.  9380 

- 

-       IX 

XII 

K.  9830    - 

-     ■  - 

III 

XVI 

K.  10527 

- 

-    VIII 

I,  II 

K. 11789  - 

- 

XIII 

VIII 

K.  12000 

- 

X 

VII 

K. 13256  - 

- 

X 

III 

S.  166 

- 

-      XII 

X 

S.  690       - 

- 

VI 

VII 

S.  728 

- 

X 

XV 

S.  787       - 

- 

IV 

VII 

S.  1033 

- 

-    XIX 

XVIII 

S.  1310     - 

- 

X 

XV 

S.  1612 

- 

-    VIII 

XIII 

Km.  129   - 

- 

XIII 

XIV 

Rm.  601 

- 

-       XI 

XIV 

83-1-18, 472     - 

XIX 

XVII 

Bu.  91-5-9, 

132    - 

-      XX 

XV 

Bu.  91-5-9, 

180 

XIII 

XVII 

THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS 


— — ^Z  /        /         Ui-oi/  /OrrU  ZmA- 


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THE  SAUAS  RBLlOIOUti    TEXTS 


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THE  SAM  AS  RELIGIOUS   TEXTS 


Bate  IX. 


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THE  SAM  AS   RKLKnoVS    TEXTS 


PlccV-e^YL. 


1C3I3T: 


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VITA. 

I,  Clifton  Daggett  Gray,  was  born  in  Somerville,  Mass.,  on 
the  27th  day  of  July,  1874.  I  prepared  for  college  at  the  Somer- 
ville High  School,  from  which  I  was  graduated  in  1893,  and 
entered  Harvard  University  the  same  year.  I  began  my  Semitic 
studies  during  my  Junior  year,  and  worked  for  two  years  under 
the  direction  of  Professors  C.  H.  Toy,  D.  G.  Lyon,  and  Dr.  George 
Reisner.  I  received  the  degree  of  A.B.,  with  Final  Honors  in 
Semitics.  in  1897,  and  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1898.  In  1899  I 
received  the  degree  of  B.D.  from  The  Newton  Theological  Insti- 
tution, where  for  two  years  I  had  continued  my  biblical  studies 
under  Professors  Charles  Rufus  Brown  and  Rush  Rhees.  On 
June  28,  1899,  I  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Baptist 
denomination. 

In  the  summer  quarter  of  1899  I  came  to  the  University  of 
Chicago,  as  Fellow  in  the  Department  of  Semitic  Languages  and 
Literatures,  and  have  since  attended  lectures  under  President 
William  R.  Harper,  Professors  George  Adam  Smith,  George  S. 
Goodspeed.  and  Robert.  Francis  Harper.  From  July  1  to  Decem- 
ber 1,  1900,  I  studied  in  the  British  Museum,  copying  and  col- 
lating the  texts  that  are  here  published. 

To  all  of  my  teachers,  at  Harvard,  at  Newton,  and  at  Chicago, 
I  gratefully  acknowledge  my  indebtedness. 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 
This  ixx'*'^^  °j^   j^jg  to  ^hich  renewed. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


JLCJLX- — 

INTER  UBRAR^  JUL0^>1996____ 

Ar:c  C  r  <-    


LD  21A-60m-10.'65 
(F7763sl0)476B 


General  Library 
Universitv  of  California 

Berkeley 


PAMPHIET  BINDER 

Syracuse,  N.   Y. 
Stockton,  Colif. 


GENERAL  LIBRARY  -  U.C.  BERKELEY 


iiiiiiiiiiii 

BD0DT33137 


